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Choo, H J, Tommelein, I D, Ballard, G and Zabelle, T R (1999) WorkPlan: Constraint-Based Database for Work Package Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 151–60.

Chua, D K H, Kog, Y C and Loh, P K (1999) Critical Success Factors for Different Project Objectives. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 142–50.

Gransberg, D D, Dillon, W D, Reynolds, L and Boyd, J (1999) Quantitative Analysis of Partnered Project Performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 161–6.

Hanna, A S, Russell, J S, Gotzion, T W and Nordheim, E V (1999) Impact of Change Orders on Labor Efficiency for Mechanical Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 176–84.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords:
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1999)125:3(176)
  • Abstract:
    Change orders have become an everyday occurrence in construction. It is widely accepted by both owners and contractors that change orders have an effect on the labor efficiency, but these effects are difficult to quantify and frequently lead to disputes. Data from 61 mechanical construction projects were collected to develop a statistical model that estimates the actual amount of labor efficiency lost due to the change orders. The input variables needed in the model are as follows: (1) The original estimated labor hours; (2) impact classification; (3) total estimated change hours; (4) number of change orders; and (5) the timing of changes. The results of this study show that impacted projects have a larger decrease in labor efficiency than unimpacted projects. Additionally, the later a change order occurs in the life of a project the more impact it will have on the labor efficiency. The results appear to be consistent with the intuition of experienced professionals. Although each project has unique characteristics, the resultant model provides owners and contractors with a baseline measure of lost labor efficiency.

Hegazy, T (1999) Optimization of Resource Allocation and Leveling Using Genetic Algorithms. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 167–75.

Li, H, Shen, L Y and Love, P E D (1999) ANN-Based Mark-Up Estimation System with Self-Explanatory Capacities. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 185–9.

Shen, L, Drew, D and Zhang, Z (1999) Optimal Bid Model for Price-Time Biparameter Construction Contracts. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 204–9.

Smith, S D (1999) Earthmoving Productivity Estimation Using Linear Regression Techniques. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 133–41.

Torbica, Z M and Stroh, R C (1999) Impact of Total Quality Management on Home-Buyer Satisfaction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 198–203.

Wang, S Q, Tiong, R L K, Ting, S K and Ashley, D (1999) Political Risks: Analysis of Key Contract Clauses in China's BOT Project. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(03), 190–7.